Clinical Studies

CLINICAL STUDIES FOR THE COLD SORE ELIMINATOR AT NATIONAL PREVENTION, A CALIFORNIA STATE LICENSED MEDICAL CLINIC UNDER SUPERVISION OF A CALIFORNIA LICENSED M.D., DR. MIRKA JAROS

Medical Information for Cold Sores and Herpes

Dr. Peter H. Lathrop proposed that low voltage electrical current actually recharges the energy level of the cell, which changes the biochemical working of the cell at micro levels. This has been shown in recent studies to increase ATP energy production by up to 500%, and increased protein absorption into the cell between 30 and 40 %.

Recent studies have shown that diseased or damaged cells give off mitogenic radiation at a different frequency than healthy cells. Treating the cell with a defined frequency can oscillate the cell back to its healthy state. As an aside, this may be demonstrated by laser research. The property of semi-conductivity is ascribed to biological structures due to intricately organized zones of conductants and delocalized electrons that create a bioplasma; this gives the cell the properties of a crystal. When a homogenous substance such as a crystal or metal tuning fork vibrate at one frequency, it will affect another substance or tuning fork some distance away. Both will end at some harmonious, but different vibration. Taking into account that particles and waves are believed to be completely interchangeable at the atomic and subatomic levels, the electrodynamic field is the interrelationship of particles that are affecting each other through change and movement. These relationships are refineable in terms of oscillation and vibrations.

During electrical stimulation of pathological tissue, the electrons react with water molecules at the cathode side to produce hydroxyl ions, while at the anode side, protons are formed. Thus, between the anode and cathode interface, a proton gradient and a potential gradient across the tissue and the medium are created. Hence, protons under the influence of the concentration difference should move from anode to cathode. Since the rate of proton formation at the anodic interface is equal to the rate of proton consumption at the cathodic interface, the net pH of the system, medium and tissue, remains undisturbed. As the migrating protons reach the mitochondria membrane-bound ATPase, ADP will be formed.

Thus, when we discuss the current passing through the membrane capacitance, the changes haven't physically penetrated the membrane itself; the current can pass through the membrane even though ions cannot. And so, by increasing the cell's potential, we increase the cell's own ability to produce energy.

It would appear that we may use low voltage electrical fields to penetrate the protein envelope of the Herpes virus, stimulate the cell capacitance via the increase of mitochondria function, return the cell to normal functioning, and break up the polypeptide structure of the virus core.

In order to test this theory, the subject, to the potential lesion site created a small low voltage electrical device.

The subjects carried on clinical studies over a period of six years both in-house, and privately.

Subjects

Ninety-six men and women between the ages of 19 and 37 participated in the study that took place over a period of five years of clinical trials.

Subjects were placed in one of three groups as follows: Group One -23 controls. These subjects were administered no electrical stimulation. Some of these subjects sporadically used some form of drug therapy. Group Two consisted of 50 subjects who were seen in a medical clinic with their treatment supervised by a MD. These patients took no drugs and were treated solely with electrical stimulation. Group Three consisted of 23 subjects who were issued a small electrical stimulation device designed by Dr. Peter Lathrop and Steve Johnston.

All of the subjects in this study suffered from either Herpes Simples 1 (mouth herpes), or Herpes Simplex 2 (genital herpes). Prior onset of the disease ranged from 1.5 to 5 years. Other staff included Chiropractors, RN's, Medical Scientists, a California licensed Psychologist and Licensed Medical Assistants. This facility was one of 19 offices participating in a Nationwide Herpes Research and Treatment program.

The study was designed by Dr. Peter Lathrop and supervised by Mirka Jaros, M.D. Data analysis took place at the University of California, San Diego by a physician and graduate students in the Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine as part of a university sponsored internship program in Biomedical Electronics.

The following persons took part in this analysis: Katharina Sunnerhagen, M.D., Brenda Dudas, and Robert Wester.

Group One subjects reported onset, progress and resolve of their lesions on a daily basis.

Group Two subjects were treated in the clinic commencing with the onset of the lesion and four times a week until the lesion resolved. Treatment consisted of the application of low voltage electrical stimulation delivered to the lesion by the use of a non-invasive stainless steel probe.

Group Three subjects were issued low voltage electrical stimulators and told to take them with them and keep them handy at all times. These subjects were further instructed to be acutely aware of the onset of the next occurrence of itching, tingling, pain, or ache in the area. They were further instructed that it was crucial that they be not only aware of the onset, but immediately be able to access the stimulation unit and use it at the site of the potential lesion as follows: "Use the Cold Sore Eliminator  to make contact with the potential lesion site for 15 seconds. Continue this procedure once per hour for eight hours without interruption on the first day of recognition of preliminary symptoms." These subjects were further told that if a lesion should begin to occur, they should continue this procedure until the lesion resolved itself.

Results

Table 1: Comparison of Treatment Procedures

The most successful treatment groups were those subjects who treated themselves with the Cold Sore Eliminator prior to onset of the lesion. Average length of the lesion for this group was .25 days. Group Two, or the clinically treated subjects, averaged 3.5 days of persistence of lesion.
Group One controls fared the worst in comparison with the treatment groups' average length of lesion for this group was 8.5 days.

A three-way analysis of variance was performed in order to compare the results of the three groups. When compared with the control group, both the clinically treated and the self-treated groups demonstrated a shorter time of persistence significant at the .001 level. The self-treated group demonstrated an even more significant reduction in time of lesion persistence than the clinically treated group at the .001 level.

The data presented appears to support the hypotheses that low voltage electrical current, when applied to the lesion site, can significantly reduce the time of persistence of that lesion resulting from either Herpes Simplex 1 or 2.
Data further demonstrates more dramatically that self-treatment with low voltage electrical current within the first 15 minutes of the occurrence of a Herpes Simplex lesion, can prevent the occurrence of a lesion at the site of stimulation.

Data further indicates that there was no significant difference in results of treatment with regard to sex or type of simplex manifested.

Discussion

The hypothesis proposed at the beginning of the paper was supported by the data. The average length of persistence of a Herpes Simplex lesion in controls who underwent no electrical stimulation, average 8.5 days (this figure being affected somewhat by the spurious use of drugs by some of the patients some of the time). As can be seen in Table 1, intervention by low voltage electrical current appeared to have a significant effect on shortening the length of persistence of the lesion, the self-treated group demonstrating the most significant results in terms of little or no manifestation of the lesion. Low voltage electrical current, when applied to the lesion site, or the possible lesion site, appears to, as proposed earlier, penetrate the protein envelope barrier which protects the virus from destruction.

As the herpes virus manifests itself via the nervous system. a treatment route was designed to pervade that system and attack the virus using the electrical properties of the nervous system at the cell level to combat the virus.

An electrical current can, therefore, be assumed to be able to radically change the response of the healthy cell to the invading virus. This appears to be accomplished by stimulating the mitochondria function of the cell to return to normal the ionic balance inside and outside the cell. This study has been an example of the electrical manipulation of the biochemistry of pathological cells in a viral medium. It was found that both pathological cells and virus might possibly be affected to a significant extent with the application of low voltage electrical stimulation at the site of the interaction. The most significant affect appears to be created by the treatment of a virus produced pathological state at the onset, whereby the virus has not had an opportunity to fully invade the system, or reach its fullest strength.

The key to effective treatment of the Herpes virus, whether it is Herpes Simplex 1 or Herpes Simplex 2, is the treatment by low voltage electrical stimulation at the possible site of a lesion, as indicated by tingling or other pre-lesion symptoms, as soon as the symptoms are felt.

The results of this study would further indicate the need for the Herpes virus patient to be provided with and carry with them at all times, the Cold Sore Eliminator, that they would be able to use immediately upon manifestation of a pre-lesion condition.

Background of the Cold Sore Eliminator

MsoNormal">Herpes Simplex is caused by herpesvirus homonomous types 1 and 2. Infections due to the virus are worldwide, and they are considered to be one of the most common sexually-transmitted diseases. Herpes Simplex affects 92 million Americans. Type 2 appears to be more neurogenic and accounts for about 80% of the genital infections. There is about a 60-80% risk of sexual passage of the infection in those repeatedly exposed to an infected conjugal partner, indicating that circulating antiviral antibodies, which rise fourfold following an outbreak, do not prevent superinfection. Type 1 Herpes Simplex is generally associated with infection in and around the mouth, and with other Herpes Simplex infections above the waist. Typically, it is characterized by a cluster of small blisters or watery vesicles on the skin or on mucus membranes. The lesions are commonly called cold sores or fever blisters. They most frequently occur on the lips and face and occasionally on the trunk and hands. The Type 1 virus may also infect the eye, causing corneal ulcers and visual impairment.

The occurrence of a lesion is often signalled by tingling with burning in the skin area, which becomes red and covered with vesicles. These vesicles break and form a crust. The skin appears normal within six to ten days after the onset of the lesion, unless there has been secondary infection. Lesions may often reappear at the same site for many years, and may be precipitated by any one of a number of factors, such as sunburn, upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections, fevers, emotional stress, or anxiety.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 is associated with genital infections. Herpes genital infections are most often transmitted through sexual contact. Sexual practices involving oral/genital contact may be responsible for some crossover infections, while other infections occur through hand/genital/mouth contacts. The incubation period for Herpes genital infection is usually four to five days, but may be as short as 24 hours and as long as two weeks. The first symptoms may be pain or itching at the site of infection. This is followed within a day or two by the appearance of blister-like lesions that may occur singularly or in groups. In males, the common sites of infection include the foreskin, the glans and the shaft of the penis. In females, the blister may occur on the labia, the clitoris, the opening of the vagina, or, occasionally, on the cervix. Within a few days, the blisters rupture and merge to form large areas of denuded tissue surrounded by swollen, inflamed skin. At this stage, the lesions may become exquisitely painful with intense burning and irritation. In females especially, urination may cause great discomfort. Generalized symptoms such as fever and malaise may develop, and lymph glands in the groin may enlarge. Lesions may persist at this stage for a week or more and complete healing may take four to six weeks. Genital herpes infections generally are more severe in females and may become so uncomfortable and disabling as to require hospitalization. Reoccurrences of herpes genital infection are not uncommon, and may be associated with emotional stress, trauma, intercourse, and other infections or menstruation. Symptoms may not be as severe in the recurrent infections as in the initial ones.

A variety of treatments have been used for genital herpes, but none has been entirely satisfactory. Drying agents such as alcohol, spirits of camphor, and ether have been used. Other methods of treatment include the use of ointments and creams, topical anesthetics, and antiseptic solutions. As of today, no satisfactory vaccine has been found. In superficial infections, topical agents such as Idoxuridine (IDU), Triflurothymidine, or Acyclovir are sometimes effective. General cleansing with soap and water is recommended, but keeping lesions moist may aggravate the inflammation and delay healing.

The Herpes Virus

In general, viruses are the smallest infectious agents (20-300 nanometers in diameter), containing a molecule of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) as the genome. Nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell. Viruses replicate only in living cells. The viral nucleic acid contains information necessary for programming the infected host cell to synthesize the number of specific macromolecules. Toward the end of the replicative cycle, more viral nucleic acids and coat proteins are produced. The coat proteins assemble together to form the symmetric protein shell which encloses the nucleic acid genome. These empty capsids are byproducts of the viral replicative cycle. The capsid encases and stabilizes the viral nucleic acid against the extracellular environment and facilitates the attachment, and perhaps penetration of the virus upon contact with new susceptible cells. The viral nucleocapsid, is about 100 nanometers in diameter, and possesses cubic symmetry with 162 capsomeres and is surrounded by a lipid containing envelope. The enveloped virion is 100 to 150 millimeters in diameter. Latent infections may occur and last for the life span of the host, even in the presence of circulating antibodies. The concept that herpes virus persists in the nuclei of cells in the sensory ganglia suggests that any topical treatment will be ineffective in destroying the virus in these hidden locations.

The structural proteins of the herpes viruses have several important functions. They serve to protect the viral genome against inactivation by nuclei, participate in the attachment of the virus particle to a susceptible cell, and are responsible for the structural symmetry for the virus particle. Other proteins, which synthesize in infectious cells, include those which enable the viral nucleic acid to replicate and those which alter some function or structure of the host cell.

Approximately 25 viruses have been placed in the herpes virus group. They all contain a core of double stranded DNA surrounded by a protein coat that exhibits isocahedril symmetry, which in turn is enclosed in an envelope which contains essential lipids.

The structural proteins of Herpes Simplex virus include nine polypeptides, which have been found in the enveloped virion, two polypeptides, which are associated with the envelope, two arginine polypeptides within the virus core, as well as guanine and cytosine.

The virus enters the cell either by fusion with the cell membrane or by pinocytosis. It is then uncoated, and the DNA becomes associated with the nucleus. Soon after infection, the virus codes for its own DNA polymerase and other enzymes such as thymidine kinase, which is associated with the DNA replication. Viral proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and are then transmitted to the nucleus for virus assembly.

Infection of the Healthy Cell With Herpes Virus

Herpes virus nucleocapsids are assembled in the cell nucleus and acquire envelopes from the nuclear rather than the cytoplasmic membranes. Virus is assembled in the nucleus and approaches the nuclear membrane. At the point of contact, the inner nuclear membrane becomes thicker and progressively envelopes the virus particle. It finally pinches off, leaving the nuclear membrane intact and enveloped particle free in the perinuclear cisterna. Nucleocapsids may also acquire envelopes by budding into nuclear vacuoles. These vacuoles seem to be indentations of a nuclear membrane, and are continuous with the perinuclear cisterna.

The virus particle is now transported from the vicinity of the nucleus toward an extracellular location in the following sequence: the outer lamella of the nuclear envelope wraps around the enveloped nucleocapsid and sequesters it from the cell cytoplasm. When the vacuole reaches the cytoplasmic membrane, the enveloped virion is released outside the cell.

An additional route seems to be through the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum to the exterior of the cell. Later in the infection, unenveloped particles may also appear in the cytoplasm where they may be enveloped, but breaks in the nuclear membrane are also present at this time. The envelopment process occurs whenever the nucleocapsid comes into contact with a cell membrane and may represent a cellular defense mechanism. Since the nuclear membrane is the first membrane encountered, it would be the primary site of envelopment.

In the past, treatment for Herpes Simplex lesions has consisted primarily of topical application of drugs for symptomatic relief of Herpes lesions, such as analgesics and anesthetics for the relief of pain, which have had minimal therapeutic effect on the lesions. Also, various treatments involving painting of the lesions with acridine dyes, and then exposing them to ultraviolet light, have been tried without significant therapeutic effect, and with an associated risk of producing malignant cells.

More recently, it has been proposed to treat Herpes Simplex 1 and 2 with ultrasound, such as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,725 issued Mar. 3, 1987, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,989 issued Jan. 12, 1982 wherein a method for massaging a medication into the skin by ultrasound is disclosed.

These suggested treatments have not found wide acceptance to date, and the present invention is directed toward a method and apparatus for a more therapeutic treatment involving cell stimulation by electrical and magnetic fields and the like. To aid in the understanding of the present invention, the following review of the neural/electrical systems of the body will be helpful.

The Electrical Control of the Body

The human body and its physiological processes are made up of a universe of electrical activity. Chemical reactions involve electrical ion transfer, development of potential, electrostatic interaction, and changes in an electromagnetic field. Physiological processes are controlled by electrical interaction.

The body uses a capacitive state to generate a potential from which stored energy is used to run cellular processes. The cell membrane is an electric capacitor in which two conducting media, the intra-cellular and the extra-cellular salt solutions are separated by the non-conducting membrane. The electrical potential across the capacitor is proportional to the number of charges that are held on its plates. At this basic level, cell energy function can be manipulated electronically.

Damage to this system, in the form of a pathological or viral state, causes a current of injury to the overall electromagnetic environmental balance of the system. Laboratory research by applicant and others has shown that a negative charge acts as a trigger for healing growth control systems.

Embryonic cells know which respective tissues to differentiate into, the nervous system uses electrical pathways for orientation of growth and regeneration, and this current is used in lower organisms for control of cellular differentiation and limb.

The cell membrane is made of a bi-layer of phospholipid sheets. A single phospholipid has a charged polar head group with a (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon tail. Two sheets of these asymmetric molecules, placed tail to tail, gives rise to a leaflet membrane with the polar heads facing out on both sides. The polar groups are hydrophilic and interact with the aqueous exterior/interior, thereby forcing the hydrophobic tails to interact and hold the membrane together. This hydrophobic core is at its lowest energy state which maintains this structure. Due to the charged groups on the outside and the hydrophobic groups inside, the membrane itself is impermeable to most molecules and ions which makes it an ideal organizational structure for a living mechanism. The cell may selectively determine what it allows in or out utilizing transport mechanisms.

An integral membrane protein (IMP) is a large molecule that spans the entire lipid-lipid bi-layer. Part of the protein is on the outside, extracytoplasmic surface. It crosses through the membrane interior and extrudes into the inside cytoplasmic portion of the cell. These proteins interact hydrophilicly on the outside on the extracytoplasmic and cytoplasmic sides with charged proteins while interacting with the non-polar interior with hydrophobic proteins. This insures their stability and direct orientation within the cell membrane. The IMP is a long string of amino acids and may span the membrane many times (by going back and forth as a thread may span a clothes seam) and in so doing, create a pore or channel in which ions or molecules may selectively pass.

Passage through the membrane of molecules and ions depends on a variety of factors such as concentration on both sides, electrical charge, membrane potential, and molecular size. The cell mediates transport through the IMP. Passive transport or simple diffusion is the process by which small, non-charged molecules "migrate" from a high concentration to a lower one or "down its concentration gradient." The rate limiting step is the movement through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.

Facilitated diffusion is much faster than passive transport because it utilizes the IMP to create a pore/channel through which molecules may pass (therefore, the rate limiting exterior step is based on how it permeates the polar, then hydrophobic interior, etc.). The process is specific as to which ion or molecules may go through each channel. The rate of transport is determined largely by cellular concentration gradients and permeability of the channels. In certain cases, the permeability of these pores changes by external influence. One of these external influences is electrical current.

Active transport is the third mechanism by which the cell uses membrane proteins to regulate its environment and control species concentrations on either side of the cell. Active transport requires the absorption of energy to drive the transport of a molecule or ion. The transfer may go up or down the concentration gradient or may carry an ion across the membrane and hydrophobic interior. This is not possible by diffusion. The protein complex that accomplishes this reaction turns the stored energy of a molecule such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into a potential stored energy by forming a gradient of ions or molecules across the membrane. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, it has a highly exergenic bond of the third phosphate group. The reaction hydrolyzing this bond liberates energy which is used to fuel biochemical reactions. The formula being ATP . ADP+Pi. An ATPase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.

This concentration gradient of charge for moving ions to one side or chemical for moving a solute such as sugar to the interior, that we develop, is a form of potential energy that can accomplish work for the cell. This is in accordance with conservation of energy i.e., energy in the form of ATP is converted to a chemical/electrical gradient.

An integral membrane protein essential to the cell is the Na+/K+ATPase. The protein spans both sides of the plasma membrane creating a controllable gate with a chemical that separates the respective ions to either side of the membrane. The separation is in unequal concentrations and creates an electrochemical gradient or potential across the membrane. This unequal charge distribution has the property of capacitance and acts as a battery with a potential determined by ionic differences. Discharged distribution of stored energy is the basis of cellular control of biochemical processes and the primary function of our nervous system. Electric current profused through the tissues creates a force of electrically charged ions present at interfaces between different types of tissues and cell membranes. Conduction of current through the tissues depends on ionic movement.

When electrical currents are introduced into the body, ions accumulate at the tissue interfaces and at the cell membranes, creating a charge that is opposite to the charge at the voltage applied at the electrodes. The potential difference that occurs between each electrode and the tissue is created by an electrolytic polarization. This phenomenon occurs in living tissue, and is comparable to a conductor with capacitance.

The device is used by applying the two metal tips of the probes to the body on either side of the area that contains the lesion or is being irritated as by tingling or pain or other indication of the onset of development of a lesion. The device should be applied as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms and preferably within the first fifteen minutes. The device is held to the skin in the affected area for approximately two to twenty seconds and this process is then repeated hourly for up to eight hours or longer if a lesion actually erupts. In the case where a lesion does develop, the procedure continues until healing. The specific duration and time intervals can be adjusted to best match a particular symptom.

Low voltage electrical current, when applied to the lesion site, or a possible lesion site, appears to penetrate the protein envelope barrier which protects the virus from destruction. As the herpes virus manifests itself via the nervous system, a treatment route is provided to pervade the system and attack the virus using the electrical properties of the nervous system at the cell level, to combat the virus.

An electrical current can radically change the response of the healthy cell to the invading virus. This appears to be accomplished by stimulating the mitochondrial function of the cell to return to normal the ionic balance inside and outside the cell. The foregoing clinical study has been an example of the electrical manipulation of the biochemistry of pathological cells in a viral medium. It was found that both pathological cells and virus are affected to a significant extent with the application of low voltage electrical stimulation at the site of that interaction. The most significant affect appears to be created by the treatment of a virus produced pathological state at the onset, whereby the virus has not had an opportunity to fully invade the system, or reach its fullest strength.

The key to effective treatment of the herpes virus, whether it is Herpes Simplex 1 or Herpes Simplex 2, is the beginning of treatment by low voltage electrical stimulation at the possible site of a lesion, as indicated by tingling or other pre-lesion symptoms, as soon as the symptoms are felt. Delay beyond the first 12-18 hours after the first symptoms will usually result in lesions occurring, although if treated, the duration is greatly reduced.

The results of this study would further indicate the need for the Herpes virus patient to be provided with and carry with them at all times, the Cold Sore Eliminator, that they would be able to use immediately upon manifestation of a pre-lesion condition.

TOP OF PAGE